Eco Factor: Researcher group working on a low-cost, efficient method to convert wind vibrations to electricity.

Instead of harvesting wind energy using wind turbines, a research group at Cornell University is trying to harvest vibrations caused in materials on a gusty day. The Vibro-Wind Research Group at the university is working on an efficient, low-cost method of converting vibrations from wind energy to electricity.

While traditional wind turbines are expensive and not much liked by the inhabitants of that area, the vibration system isn’t an eyesore and can generate energy without emitting much noise. The team has tested a prototype consisting of a panel mounted with oscillators made out of pieces of foam.

The actual conversion from mechanical to electrical energy was done using a piezoelectric transducer, which is a device made of a ceramic or polymer that emits electrons when stressed. The team is also searching for alternatives to the piezoelectric transducer and is checking the feasibility of electromagnetic coils instead.

Via: Physorg

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Eco Factor: Green roofed sustainable building with natural surroundings.

Prague-based architects Chalupa Architekti have won a competition to design the new Embassy of the Czech Republic in Washington DC, USA. Exhibiting deep connection with the surrounding nature, the new embassy has three distinct parts, all of which have their own story to tell.

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Eco Factor: Offshore wind farm uses direct-drive wind turbines.

There is no denying that offshore wind power in the Great Lakes holds great potential, so to drive further growth of the industry GE and the non-profit Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation have come together. The duo has recently announced at the American Wind Energy Association’s annual WINDPOWER Conference in Dallas that they will jointly develop a wind farm off the shores of Ohio near Cleveland. The project is said to be the first fresh water offshore wind farm in the US.

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Eco Factor: Sustainable solar powered home made from shipping containers.

Rapid industrialization and our quest to possess the latest in technology leave an everlasting impact on the environment. Researchers over the globe have now recognized that the only way out of global warming is to use renewable energy and recycle materials that usually reach the landfills after use. Industrial designers have also started to come up with sustainable homes that are made using recycled materials and are powered by renewable energy to reduce the impact on the environment.

Designer Omar Aponte has shared with us his shipping container home concept that will be powered by renewable solar energy. Dubbed Ecogaria, the environmentally friendly home is made from old shipping containers, making it affordable and green. The flexible house can be made according to user specifications and features flexible solar panels mounted on the roof that generate all the energy the house needs.

Thanks: [Omar Aponte]

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Eco Factor: Net-zero energy home developed by Dow Chemical Company.

The Dow Chemical Company and Cobblestone Homes have introduced Michigan’s first affordable net-zero energy home. Using readily available energy efficiency technologies from Dow, the house, dubbed the “Vision Zero” home is expected to save $3,507 in energy costs and avert 44,855 lbs of CO2 annually.

The Vision Zero home utilizes a variety of energy solutions from Dow and is proof that homeowners can affordably enjoy all the comforts of the modern home, with a reduced environmental impact and still achieve a net-zero utility bill.

The Vision Zero home includes next-generation insulation and air-sealing products, and the revolutionary new Solar Shingles developed by Dow. The solar components on this home, which includes a demonstration of Dow’s solar shingle, will produce enough energy to supply all of this home’s electricity needs plus additional electricity that can be sold back to the local utility company for energy credits.

The house uses geothermal heat pumps to heat and cool the home, solar water heating systems to provide hot water, as well as LED light bulbs, and ultra-high efficiency appliances can be found throughout the house. The Vision Zero house, located in Bay City, Michigan, will also be an educational center for builders and consumers for one year, providing tours, training and hands-on demonstrations.

Via: Dow Chemical Company [Press Release]

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Supercars are usually associated with screaming engines that drink gas like there is no tomorrow. However there is no dearth of customers who love to possess these beasts as they are good in turning some heads on the streets. The recent demand to curb emissions and run vehicles on alternative fuels has made some automakers and designers think about next-generation supercars, which are silent, clean and run without gas. Here is a list 15 such concept vehicles that can change the face of supercars for ever:

• Koenigsegg Quant:

The Quant is an all-electric supercar that is powered by renewable solar energy. Fitted with a 512 hp electric engine, the car propels to 62mph in just over 5 seconds with a top speed of a bone-shattering 171 mph. The car carries a thin layer of solar panels all over its body, which generate electricity to juice up the battery pack the car is equipped with. The technology has been developed by Koenigsegg along with NLV Solar AG.

• Steenstra GCM Styletto:

Conceived by California-based Steenstra GCM, the Styletto is a zero-emission electric supercar that is designed to hit speeds in excess of 200mph. The all-electric supercar will be built in California and will offer comfort, gullwing doors and slippery aerodynamics to get the most from the car’s zero-emission power house.

• Maserati Tramontane:

The Maserati Tramontane is an all-electric supercar that has been designed to provide luxury in a sustainable package. The vehicle has been designed by Ondrej Jirec as an electric powered cruiser suited for scenic, winding roads. The aerodynamic shape of the vehicle is complemented by the number of components and body panels which flow from the interior to the exterior.

• Citroen Eco-Luxury Sedan:

Designed by Ankit Prashar, the Citroen Eco-Luxury Sedan will definitely lure people with deep pockets. The supercar utilizes lightweight materials and the propulsion system of the car includes a hydrogen fuel cell element that charges the vehicle’s onboard battery pack. The zero-emission vehicle also makes use of photovoltaic panels integrated into the bodywork to charge the batteries on the move.

• Jaguar C-XC Concept:

The Jaguar C-XC concept has been designed by Philip Dean and will be powered by hydrogen fuel cells. The stylish 2+2 coupe will be made using sustainable materials including vegetable tan leather and recycled PET bottles. The hydrogen fuel cell drive train is mounted under the single-piece glass surface, which covers the entire length of the car, adding to its aerodynamic aesthetics. The wheels of the car are also covered to further increase its aerodynamic properties.

• Audi A0 QS Concept:

Designed by Alexander Tiganova, the zero-emission Audi A0 QS concept has been created to cater to the needs of athletes and those who’re looking for luxury in a green package. The small and dynamic sports car is equipped with electric motor and a hydrogen engine, which makes the vehicle a zero-emission hybrid.

• BMW Sequence GT:

The BMW Sequence GT by Seungmo Lim, a graduate student at Pforzheim University in Germany, is an all-electric concept supercar that takes only a minute to refuel. The Sequence GT includes next-gen safety systems to protect the occupants and the pedestrians. Moreover, air intakes on the outer side of the nose are used to cool the electric motors, allowing them to function and achieve maximum efficiency. The cabin has four separate seats and the vehicle’s lithium-ion batteries are located under the trunk floor.

• BMW Lovos Concept:

Designed by Pforzheim University graduate Anne Forschner the BMW Lovos supercar mimics natural forms to harness renewable solar energy. Dubbed Lovos (Lifestyle of Voluntary Simplicity), the car is constructed from just one fully exchangeable part that recurs 260 times. Each of these pieces is covered in solar photovoltaic cells, which can be opened or closed just like fish scales.

• Lamborghini Countach EV:

The Lamborghini Countach EV is the brainchild of designer Flavio Adriani. The vehicle runs on an electric engine and includes photovoltaic modules towards the rear and two wind turbines under the hood that generate enough energy to refuel the battery packs. With an aerodynamic design and the use of lightweight materials, the vehicle will surely impress speed lovers who love to burn the streets without polluting it.

• Fleszar Supercar Concept:

Design firm ideationEDGE has come up with a supercar dubbed Fleszar which runs on a 100 percent electric engine and promises a luxury drive for stylish riders. Designed to attract both feminine and masculine customers, the supercar presents a unique mixture of delicate curves and bold lines, presenting a powerful but at the same time comfortable ride. The Fleszar supercar will simply be a style statement for the trendy commuters.

• Venturi Volage Concept:

The Venturi Volage supercar features eight in-wheel motors as each wheel contains two electric motors out of which one is used for propulsion and the other takes care of the suspension. The innovative design gives the vehicle a lower center of gravity to better maneuverability and overall performance.

• Audi R8 e-Tron:

Audi R8 e-Tron Concept is powered by four in-wheel electric motors that offer a combined output of 230KW and a maximum torque of 4500Nm. The car can hit a speed of 100kph in 4.8 seconds and has a top speed of 200kph. The e-Tron has an operating range of 248km on a fully recharge battery.

• Honda FC Sport:

The FC Sport by Honda is a three-seat hydrogen fuel cell sports car that is based on the V-Flow stack of the FCX Clarity concept. The car incorporates a high-power fuel cell stack, located between the rear seats, and a backup battery pack placed in the middle of the car.

• e-Wolf e2:

The e2 is designed by German company e-Wolf. The two seat electric supercar is scheduled to hit the markets in 2011. The lightweight car will weigh just 900kgs and will be powered by four in-wheel electric motors, each generating 134hp. The supercar is expected to have an operating range of 187 miles.

• Aston Martin DBGT 2025:

The Aston Martin DBGT 2025 has been designed by Brendan Woolsey. The vehicle would be powered by a tank full of water that is split into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is used as fuel for the car, leading to zero emissions. If anything, the classic exhaust fitted on this future car will only give out water vapor and some heat. Going from 0 to 62 mph in 4.3 seconds, the car has two really strong assets – sports bodywork that is impeccable and the fuel plan which is both realistic and ideal. All this comes along with that very special Aston Martin badge, giving you the best driving experience.

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Eco Factor: Sustainable development collects rainwater and solar energy.

The Bushwick Inlet Park by Kiss + Cathcart Architects is the remaking of the Greenpoint – Williamsburg waterfront from a decaying industrial strip to a multifaceted public park. The park becomes a green hill on the west side, offering views over the ball fields to the Manhattan skyline.

A multi level playground and public rooms ascend the hill, while direct access for the public and parks personnel is provided from the street edge below. The paved surfaces on the hill harvest rainwater to irrigate the green roof slope. All other rainwater goes into the ground or passes through a tidal wetland landscape at the river’s edge.

Solar panels have been installed to generate more than half the energy demands of the development. Moreover the architects are also planning to use a ground source heat pump for efficient heating and cooling.

Thanks: [Gregory Kiss]

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Eco Factor: Sustainable speakers made from discarded food packaging material.

Tempting food often makes you stop outside food chain or restaurants to get some lip-smacking stuff packed. After giving your taste buds what they want, how many of you even bother about the fate of the packaging. Well, they are usually discarded and end up piling in landfills. Justin Kakobson, an American designer has come up with a way to divert these packaging materials from landfills.

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Eco Factor: Environmentally-friendly future city for China.

Gu Wenda has recently turned to reflect social issues such as environmental protection in his work and is trying to help offer a solution for a sustainable future city. The artist has modeled China Park, a future city that combines traditional Chinese concepts and architectural idea of traditional Chinese gardens.

The China Park has been designed to offer a blueprint for an ecologically-friendly future city. The green calligraphy garden will be crafted out of natural evergreen trees and artificial streams and ponds together form the shapes of Chinese calligraphic characters.

The artist now hopes that someday his blueprint is realized, either in the form of a large-scale public entertainment park or a residential complex.

Via: Xinhuanet/ChinaDaily

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Eco Factor: Low-emission concept car powered by a hybrid engine.

The Mazda Tanken is a low-emission hybrid SUV designed by Anthony Sims from California’s Art Center College of Design. The SUV pays tribute to the American nature. The futuristic vehicle is powered by a small 4-cyclinder engine that revs up whenever the onboard batteries deplete.

Power is provided by a set of electric motors running on electric batteries. The stance of the vehicle is established with dynamic coupe lines contrasted with aggressive tires for an off-road appeal.

Via: Car Design

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Eco Factor: Vertical axis wind turbine to produce up to 600W of renewable power.

Wind turbines are often considered noisy and ugly, but new revolutionary designs are trying to better their credentials. Urban Green Energy has come up with a turbine that is both silent and attractive. Dubbed Eddy, the vertical axis wind turbine can generate electricity from wind coming from any direction, making it ideal for an urban setting.

The Eddy weighs 81kg and is 1.38m wide and 1.6m tall. Eddy has a rated power output of about 600W and a cut-in speed of just 3.5m/s. The unit has a maximum safe wind speed of more than 120mph and an engineered lifetime of about 20 years.

The carbon fiber and fiberglass blades of the Eddy spin at a maximum of 200rpm. The company claims that the noise level produced by the turbine at 12m/s wind speed is about 38dB, which is halfway between the noise level of a whisper (15dB) and normal conversation (60dB).

Via: Energy Matters

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Eco Factor: Zero-emission electric vehicle betters its own world record by running 1000km without recharging.

Last month we reported about the Mira EV making a world record by traveling 345 miles (555.6km) on a single recharge. The car has now made another world record by traveling 1003.184km without a recharge. The zero-emission vehicle is powered by 8320 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries supplied by Sanyo.

The record was created during May 22 to 23, 2010, by a team of drivers at Japan Electric Vehicle Club, a civic group based in Tokyo. The car ran for 27 and half hours at around 40kph on average. The team will soon ask the Guinness World Records to officially recognize the drive.

Via: Akihabara News/Crunch Gear

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Eco Factor: New farmer’s market will look at mobile solar power unit for power.

In an attempt to power farmer’s market with clean energy and spread environmental awareness amongst the visitors, Albuquerque, New Mexico’s Downtown Action Team has given birth to what it claims will be the first solar-powered farmer’s market in the country. The non-profit dedicated to renovating the city’s downtown was struck with an idea to check if it was possible to power their farmer’s market for its entire season using solar energy.

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Eco Factor: Fuel-efficient vehicle promises reduced emissions.

Still awaiting the launch of its first eclectic car, French carmaker Renault has just announced the Clio eco2, a new eco-friendly version of the Clio. The new low emission and consumption vehicle comes with a 1.5-l dCi turbo-diesel engine that produces 86 bhp. It emits a mere 98g/km of CO2, meaning the car has 15% fewer emissions than the current Clio but fits the same price group.

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Solar energy seems to be getting on the minds of the designers who are always looking for ways to use this abundant energy to power vehicles. We’ve seen designers come up with sustainable cars and buses that are powered by renewable solar energy for a truly zero-emission ride. Apart from land transport, there have been concepts aimed to green your weekend marine picnics as well. Here is a list of 15 boats that generate propulsion power from an onboard array of solar panels:

• PlanetSolar Catamaran:

At 31m long, the PlanetSolar is the world’s largest solar-powered multi-hulled vessel. The boat’s solar panels are expected to produce up to 103.4KW of renewable power. The solar panels allow the PlanetSolar to hit a top speed of about 8 knots. The boat’s 38,000 photovoltaic cells have been provided by SunPower, which are claimed to have an efficiency of at least 22 percent.

• ARKKI Solar Boat:

Designed by Janne Leppänen, the ARKKI concept features a huge open space covered with a surface like that on an outdoor basketball court. The entire surface of the boat is covered with multilayer photovoltaic cells that can produce the required energy from the sun to power the boat.

• Solar Powered Personal Boat:

Costing $10,500, the Solar Powered Personal Boat can ferry up to four adults. The boat is powered by a 700W electric motor that enables the boat to move silently at 5mph. The motor is powered by four deep cycle batteries that are constantly recharged by the sun during daylight hours. The batteries hold a reserve charge that can power the boat for 6 hours after dark.

• Buffalo’s Solar-Powered Boat:

Designed by Buffalo Solar Boats, this pontoon boat is capable of touring inland waterways and lakes by harnessing solar power from a rooftop array of photovoltaic modules. The PV modules can generate up to 1KW of power, which can be stored in a large onboard battery for use during overcast days.

• Solar Proa Catamaran:

The Solar Proa is a self-sufficient boat designed by Carolin Dissmann, Tibor Bartholomä, Daniel Boos and Andreas Schwab that harnesses solar energy for green power. The Proa is an asymmetric catamaran that provides space for six people with light weight, elegance and sustainability the key aspects of the design. The solar-powered boat has two foldable covers with solar panels on top. When docked, the covers are closed and the entire boat features just one clean and flat surface enabling the solar panels to generate electricity.

• Onda Velocita Powerboat:

The Onda Velocita Powerboat is a luxury boat that features the latest in technology with traditional design elements to make your ride green and comfortable. The hybrid boat uses a pair of water jet propulsion units, which can be turned off on sunny days, as the boat carries a photovoltaic system on its roof, which generates enough electricity to power the engines and other systems that are installed in it.

• Sea Raider:

Designed by Muhammad Imran, the Sea Raider is equipped with photovoltaic modules to collect solar energy during the day to power the boat and recharge onboard batteries. During the day the boat can power itself using the harnessed solar energy and during nighttime the boat’s batteries take over the system, ensuring a zero-emission cruise irrespective of the time of the day.

• SunCat23 Catamaran:

Developed by Horizon Yachts, the SunCat23 Catamaran utilizes four solar panels capable of generating 760W of power to fuel a 2.8KW electric outdoor motor. The electric motor propels the catamaran to a top speed of 6 knots while carrying 12 passengers. A fully charged battery bank will be able to power the boat for a day trip, even on a cloudy day.

• Iron 23 Motorboat:

The Iron 23 Motorboat by industrial designer Carl Hagerling features space for three passengers, runs on a solar-powered electric engine and also includes a kitchen and a toilet. The eco-friendly boat features a compact solar array that according to the designer generates enough energy to power the boat. The boat is also equipped with a conventional engine that can be used if the sun isn’t shining or if the juice in the onboard batteries depletes.

• N-DOUR Hybrid:

The N-DOUR by designer Riccardo Pilurzu is a yacht with multiple purposes. The design was created with the idea of developing a luxurious yacht that will sustain itself for a longer period of time out at sea. The idea is to utilize wind and solar energy to create hydrogen which will later propel the yacht with a hydrogen power plant. The N-DOUR has another trick up its sleeves, when the vessel is docked in the harbor and no electricity is been consumed by the vessel, the yacht will start producing energy for the harbor, therefore providing clean energy to the grid.

• SolarLab Research’s Solar Shuttle:

The Solar Shuttle by SolarLab Research is a solar-powered boat that has been designed for the 2012 Olympics. The 255-passenger boat features a rooftop array of solar panels that generate the electricity needed for propulsion.

• Leviathan:

The Leviathan concept yacht is the work of industrial designer Adam Valmassoi, who believes that the sun and wind have the potential to green your next cruise. The eco-friendly self-sufficient yacht runs on two electric jet pump engines, which are powered by wind turbines and solar panels on board the yacht.

• The Float:

The Float flat-surfaced boat is a solar-powered double motor concept boat that harvests renewable solar energy using an array of solar panels placed neatly on the roof. Solar power and electric engines don’t make it the fastest boat you’ve ever ridden, but provide a decent cruising speed of up to 10kph. Meant for a marine picnic, the boat is equipped with a table, a grill and a small refrigerator.

• IKKAR:

The IKKAR by designer Julien Anglade is a low-emission futuristic yacht concept that has been designed to bridge the gap between man and sea. The innovative concept yacht features a simple yet elegant design that can change its shape according to the location for the comfort of the passengers. The 150m-long IKKAR includes a streamlined hull for better fuel efficiency, and its main sail is equipped with rigid photovoltaic panels that help generate energy to power the boat.

• Code X Yacht:

The 47′ 7” Code X yacht comes with a hybrid engine that can either give you a thumping 710hp by twin Ilmor Formula 1 engines to propel the yacht at a speed in excess of 80 knots or a more leisurely 9 knots using its twin electric motors. The battery pack has the capability to run continuously for two hours and can be recharged using the on-board solar panels for additional leisure.

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Eco Factor: Wave power generator captures wave energy to produce electricity.

Aquamarine Power’s attempt to enhance its wave power technology resulted in a new wave power generator that produces 250% more electricity than its predecessor. Dubbed the Oyster 2, this wave power device is a buoyant, hinged flap which is attached to the seabed to capture energy found in nearshore waves and converts it into clean sustainable electricity.

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Eco Factor: Road covering for rural roads to generate renewable solar energy.

The Solar Arch by industrial designer Tyson Steele is a concept covering for rural roads that can generate renewable solar energy for off-grid highway lighting. The Solar Arch can also supplement electricity demands in neighboring areas.

Apart from generating renewable energy, the Solar Arch can also reduce icing in winter and keep the roads cool during summer. The arch design is in compliance with AASHTO Standards for US interstate bridges and passageways. The arch has a ground clearance of over 18 feet and has a width of 40 feet with each section 10 feet long.

Variations of the design include a longer version with lined troughs on each side so topsoil can be packed into the outer supports, increasing its insulation properties and reducing its visibility in naturally pristine areas.

Thanks: [Tyson Steele]

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Eco Factor: Sustainable house made using bamboo.

This bamboo house has been designed by architect Benjamin Garcia Saxe of Benjamin Garcia Saxe Architecture for his mother, who always kept dreaming of a place that she could call home. After becoming transfixed with the moon and the sun, she inspired her son to build a permanent bamboo house with a cone-shaped “umbrella roof” that opens to reveal the natural elements.

The house is composed of two separate modules – a kitchen/living area and a bedroom space. The bamboo house inverts the role of the forest by bringing it inside, hence meeting the needs of the architect’s mother in providing her with a permanent dwelling which retains an intimate relationship with the natural environment.

Via: World Architecture News

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Eco Factor: Eco-friendly public toilet concept harnesses energy and water.

The ZESS Public Toilet concept by Belgian design house Bundl has been designed as a standalone autonomous public toilet unit that generates all the energy and water it needs from natural resources. The innovative and prominent toilet tries to improve the street scene.

The ZESS toilet includes a rooftop solar panel that generates electricity needed to illuminate the toilet after dark. Moreover, rainwater is harvested and stored for use inside the toilet.

Via: Coroflot/Bundl

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Eco Factor: Lapdesk made from sustainable materials.

Korean manufacturer Macally has presented its eco-friendly notebook holder the EcoFad that has been created from bamboo. Dubbed “EcoFad,” the notebook holder also includes a bamboo mouse pad. The environmentally friendly holder includes several grooves that are designed to circulate hot air and keep the notebook from cooking.

Via: Aving

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Eco Factor: Sustainable lamp powered by solar energy.

A team of seven students from MIT and Rhode Island School of Design have created a low-cost lamp that could be used by millions of people in remote parts of India. Dubbed Enlight, the lamp costs just $20 and runs on renewable solar energy. The lamp can withstand drops on the floor and can easily be taken apart and fixed if something goes wrong.

The lamp aims to provide a clean energy solution to millions of people who rely on kerosene lamps, which are unhealthy, unsafe and inadequate. The team will present a prototype to one of India’s largest non-governmental organizations, the Energy and Resource Institute, which will consider using the Enlight to light some 40,000 villages.

Image Courtesy: Picasa [Under a Creative Commons License]

Via: BusinessWire

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Eco Factor: Concept phone made from recycled materials runs on renewable energy.

The Nokia EC509 Green Core is a concept cellphone designed by industrial designer Matteo Trisolini. The concept aims to make cellphones greener so that their impact on the environment can be minimized. The device is designed to harvest renewable kinetic energy to charge the onboard battery.

The cellphone is to be made using recycled materials and will ship in a package that can be used to send the mobile phone back to the company for recycling after use. The phone includes a spin charger that harvests kinetic energy to recharge its battery whenever the user spins the phone of his or her finger.

Via: iGreenSpot

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Eco Factor: Zero-emission car powered by electric engine.

Italian design house Pininfarina has unveiled the Nido EV prototype as a starting point of a new modular platform for future electric and hybrid cars. The vehicle has been conceived, designed and built entirely by the Pininfarina Style and Engineering Center of Cambiano. The Nido EV bears witness to the skills and experience that Pininfarina has built up in the development of electric vehicles, paying particular attention to the Segment A city cars that will populate the streets of the future to make our towns more pleasant to live in.

The prototype includes a steel tube frame chassis, which is being expected to be replaced by a lighter aluminum space frame in production variants. The vehicle is powered by a 30KW permanent magnet motor driving the rear wheels, while future variants may include a small engine for a hybrid configuration or electric motors for the front wheels as well. The Nido EV is powered by a 21.2KWh nickel-salt Zebra battery that weighs only 400 pounds.

The Zebra batteries are fully recyclable and contain no toxic materials. The Nido is claimed to have an operating range of about 87 miles and a 0-60mph time of 6.7 seconds.

Via: AutoBlogGreen

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Eco Factor: Hydrogen fueled prototype touches 4,414 kilometers mark with just one liter of fuel.

French students’ hydrogen fueled vehicle did wonders for them at the Shell Eco-marathon 2010. The competition that challenges high school and college student teams from around the world to design, build and test energy efficient vehicles saw team Polyjoule breaking a five year record on the very first day of the event by recording 4,414 kilometers on the equivalent of one liter of fuel.

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Eco Factor: Ephemeral Roof Exchange features use of advanced sustainable technologies for renewable energy generation

Architects Steven Ma, Wendy Fok and Dominik Strzelec bring together a fusion of technological, economical and cultural entities and public spaces into one place to give birth to the “Ephemeral Roof Exchange”. The ingenious design represents the trilateral relationship between the borders of Hong Kong, Macao and Zhuhai.

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